Tawhîd Al-Asma’ Was-Sifat
(Islâmic Monotheism of Allâh’s Names and Qualities)
Tawhîd Al-Asma’ Was-Sifat
(Islâmic Monotheism of Allâh’s Names and Qualities) is to perform Monotheism for Allâh in His Names and Descriptions, and
this should happen by confirming what He has confirmed among Names and
Descriptions for Himself in His Book, or what His Messenger has confirmed to
Him as well; without any Tahrif (distortion) or Ta’til (suspension), or Takyif
(adaptation), or Tamthil (likening). And what follows are the Rules of Names
and Qualities.
First Rule: Names of Allâh are all Best Names and His descriptions are all Superior
and Perfect, He says, “وَلِلَّهِ الْمَثَلُ الأعْلَى” - meaning – “..to Allâh applies the highest similitude.”,
and He says, “وَلِلَّهِ الأسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَى فَادْعُوهُ
بِهَا” - meaning – “The most beautiful
Names belong to Allâh: so call on Him by them”.
Second Rule: Names and Descriptions of Allâh
are all Tawkifiah (suspended in word and meaning as they were descended nothing
more and nothing less), and the reference in them is just the Noble Book of
Allâh and the Sunnah; and they are not limited to a certain number, but rather
some of them only were known. Allâh I said, “قُلْ إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ رَبِّي الْفَوَاحِشَ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَمَا بَطَنَ
وَالإثْمَ وَالْبَغْيَ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَأَنْ تُشْرِكُوا بِاللَّهِ مَا لَمْ
يُنَزِّلْ بِهِ سُلْطَانًا وَأَنْ تَقُولُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا لا تَعْلَمُونَ” - meaning – {Say (O Muhammad r): The things that my Lord has indeed forbidden are: shameful deeds,
whether open or secret; sins and trespasses against truth or reason; assigning
of partners to Allâh, for which He has given no authority; and saying things
about Allâh of which you have no knowledge.} And said, “ وَلا تَقْفُ
مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ إِنَّ السَّمْعَ وَالْبَصَرَ وَالْفُؤَادَ كُلُّ
أُوْلَئِكَ كَانَ عَنْهُ مَسْئُولا” - meaning – {And pursue
not that of which you has no knowledge; for every act of hearing, or of seeing,
or of (feeling in) the heart will be inquired into (on the Day of Reckoning)}.
Third Rule: it is forbidden to confirm a Name or a Description to Allâh
by likening, for Allâh I said, “لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ البَصِيرُ” - meaning – {There is nothing whatever like unto Him,
and He is the All-Seer All-Hearer)}, and He said, “فَلا تَضْرِبُوا لِلَّهِ الأمْثَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ
يَعْلَمُ وَأَنْتُمْ لا تَعْلَمُونَ” - meaning – {Invent not
similitudes for Allâh: for Allâh knows, and you know not}.
Likewise, it is forbidden to deny a Name or a Description to Allâh which
is already found in the Qur’ân or in the Sunnah because this is Ishrak
(Polytheism) with Allâh and Taateel (suspension) to His Names and Descriptions,
the matter that leads to distort Divine Scriptures, or may lead to its denial
and assimilation of Allâh with His creatures.
Fourth Rule: the meanings of Allâh’s Names and Descriptions
are well known but no body knows their manner of action except Allâh. Allâh I said, “وَلا
يُحِيطُونَ بِهِ عِلْمًا” - meaning – {But they shall not
compass it with their knowledge}.
Fifth Rule: similarity of names does not mean at all the
similarity of the named. This is because Allâh has named Himself with Names,
which could be applied to some of His creatures, and so as to descriptions like
hearing and seeing, but not the hearer is like the Hearer and not the seer is
like the Perceiver.
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